import the T tracer into openair

common/utils/T/Makefile

+CC=gcc
+CFLAGS=-Wall -g -pthread -DT_TRACER
+
+#comment those two lines to NOT use shared memory
+CFLAGS += -DT_USE_SHARED_MEMORY
+LIBS += -lrt
+
+PROG=t
+OBJS=main.o T.o
+
+GENIDS=genids
+GENIDS_OBJS=genids.o
+
+ALL=$(PROG) $(GENIDS)
+
+all : $(ALL)
+
+$(GENIDS): $(GENIDS_OBJS)
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $(GENIDS) $(GENIDS_OBJS)
+
+$(PROG): $(OBJS)
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $(PROG) $(OBJS) $(LIBS)
+
+%.o: %.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
+
+T_IDs.h: $(GENIDS) T_messages.txt
+	./$(GENIDS) T_messages.txt T_IDs.h
+
+main.o: T.h T_IDs.h T_defs.h
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.o $(PROG) $(GENIDS) core T_IDs.h
+	cd tracer && make clean

common/utils/T/T_messages.txt

+#PHY logs
+ID = ENB_INPUT_SIGNAL
+    DESC = eNodeB received signal in the time domain for a duration of 1ms
+    GROUP = PHY:GRAPHIC:HEAVY
+    FORMAT = int,eNB_ID : int,frame : int,subframe : int,antenna : buffer,rxdata
+ID = ENB_UL_CHANNEL_ESTIMATE
+    DESC = eNodeB channel estimation in the time domain
+    GROUP = PHY:GRAPHIC:HEAVY
+    FORMAT = int,eNB_ID : int,UE_ID : int,frame : int,subframe : int,antenna : buffer,chest_t
+ID = PUSCH_IQ
+    DESC = eNodeB PUSCH received IQ data
+    GROUP = PHY:GRAPHIC:HEAVY
+    FORMAT = int,eNB_ID : int,UE_ID : int,frame : int,subframe : int,nb_rb : buffer,pusch_comp
+ID = PUCCH_1AB_IQ
+    DESC = eNodeB PUCCH received IQ data
+    GROUP = PHY:GRAPHIC:HEAVY
+    FORMAT = int,eNB_ID : int,UE_ID : int,frame : int,subframe : int,I : int,Q
+ID = PUCCH_1_ENERGY
+    DESC = eNodeB PUCCH 1 energy and threshold
+    GROUP = PHY:GRAPHIC:HEAVY
+    FORMAT = int,eNB_ID : int,UE_ID : int,frame : int,subframe : int,energy : int,threshold
+
+#legacy logs
+ID = LEGACY_MAC_INFO
+    DESC = MAC legacy logs - info level
+    GROUP = MAC:INFO:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_MAC_ERROR
+    DESC = MAC legacy logs - error level
+    GROUP = MAC:ERROR:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_MAC_WARNING
+    DESC = MAC legacy logs - warning level
+    GROUP = MAC:WARNING:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_MAC_DEBUG
+    DESC = MAC legacy logs - debug level
+    GROUP = MAC:DEBUG:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_MAC_TRACE
+    DESC = MAC legacy logs - trace level
+    GROUP = MAC:TRACE:LEGACY
+
+ID = LEGACY_PHY_INFO
+    DESC = PHY legacy logs - info level
+    GROUP = PHY:INFO:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_PHY_ERROR
+    DESC = PHY legacy logs - error level
+    GROUP = PHY:ERROR:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_PHY_WARNING
+    DESC = PHY legacy logs - warning level
+    GROUP = PHY:WARNING:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_PHY_DEBUG
+    DESC = PHY legacy logs - debug level
+    GROUP = PHY:DEBUG:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_PHY_TRACE
+    DESC = PHY legacy logs - trace level
+    GROUP = PHY:TRACE:LEGACY
+
+ID = LEGACY_S1AP_INFO
+    DESC = S1AP legacy logs - info level
+    GROUP = S1AP:INFO:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_S1AP_ERROR
+    DESC = S1AP legacy logs - error level
+    GROUP = S1AP:ERROR:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_S1AP_WARNING
+    DESC = S1AP legacy logs - warning level
+    GROUP = S1AP:WARNING:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_S1AP_DEBUG
+    DESC = S1AP legacy logs - debug level
+    GROUP = S1AP:DEBUG:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_S1AP_TRACE
+    DESC = S1AP legacy logs - trace level
+    GROUP = S1AP:TRACE:LEGACY
+
+ID = LEGACY_X2AP_INFO
+    DESC = X2AP legacy logs - info level
+    GROUP = X2AP:INFO:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_X2AP_ERROR
+    DESC = X2AP legacy logs - error level
+    GROUP = X2AP:ERROR:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_X2AP_WARNING
+    DESC = X2AP legacy logs - warning level
+    GROUP = X2AP:WARNING:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_X2AP_DEBUG
+    DESC = X2AP legacy logs - debug level
+    GROUP = X2AP:DEBUG:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_X2AP_TRACE
+    DESC = X2AP legacy logs - trace level
+    GROUP = X2AP:TRACE:LEGACY
+
+ID = LEGACY_RRC_INFO
+    DESC = RRC legacy logs - info level
+    GROUP = RRC:INFO:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_RRC_ERROR
+    DESC = RRC legacy logs - error level
+    GROUP = RRC:ERROR:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_RRC_WARNING
+    DESC = RRC legacy logs - warning level
+    GROUP = RRC:WARNING:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_RRC_DEBUG
+    DESC = RRC legacy logs - debug level
+    GROUP = RRC:DEBUG:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_RRC_TRACE
+    DESC = RRC legacy logs - trace level
+    GROUP = RRC:TRACE:LEGACY
+
+ID = LEGACY_RLC_INFO
+    DESC = RLC legacy logs - info level
+    GROUP = RLC:INFO:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_RLC_ERROR
+    DESC = RLC legacy logs - error level
+    GROUP = RLC:ERROR:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_RLC_WARNING
+    DESC = RLC legacy logs - warning level
+    GROUP = RLC:WARNING:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_RLC_DEBUG
+    DESC = RLC legacy logs - debug level
+    GROUP = RLC:DEBUG:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_RLC_TRACE
+    DESC = RLC legacy logs - trace level
+    GROUP = RLC:TRACE:LEGACY
+
+ID = LEGACY_PDCP_INFO
+    DESC = PDCP legacy logs - info level
+    GROUP = PDCP:INFO:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_PDCP_ERROR
+    DESC = PDCP legacy logs - error level
+    GROUP = PDCP:ERROR:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_PDCP_WARNING
+    DESC = PDCP legacy logs - warning level
+    GROUP = PDCP:WARNING:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_PDCP_DEBUG
+    DESC = PDCP legacy logs - debug level
+    GROUP = PDCP:DEBUG:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_PDCP_TRACE
+    DESC = PDCP legacy logs - trace level
+    GROUP = PDCP:TRACE:LEGACY
+
+ID = LEGACY_ENB_APP_INFO
+    DESC = ENB_APP legacy logs - info level
+    GROUP = ENB_APP:INFO:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_ENB_APP_ERROR
+    DESC = ENB_APP legacy logs - error level
+    GROUP = ENB_APP:ERROR:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_ENB_APP_WARNING
+    DESC = ENB_APP legacy logs - warning level
+    GROUP = ENB_APP:WARNING:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_ENB_APP_DEBUG
+    DESC = ENB_APP legacy logs - debug level
+    GROUP = ENB_APP:DEBUG:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_ENB_APP_TRACE
+    DESC = ENB_APP legacy logs - trace level
+    GROUP = ENB_APP:TRACE:LEGACY
+
+ID = LEGACY_SCTP_INFO
+    DESC = SCTP legacy logs - info level
+    GROUP = SCTP:INFO:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_SCTP_ERROR
+    DESC = SCTP legacy logs - error level
+    GROUP = SCTP:ERROR:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_SCTP_WARNING
+    DESC = SCTP legacy logs - warning level
+    GROUP = SCTP:WARNING:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_SCTP_DEBUG
+    DESC = SCTP legacy logs - debug level
+    GROUP = SCTP:DEBUG:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_SCTP_TRACE
+    DESC = SCTP legacy logs - trace level
+    GROUP = SCTP:TRACE:LEGACY
+
+ID = LEGACY_UDP__INFO
+    DESC = UDP_ legacy logs - info level
+    GROUP = UDP_:INFO:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_UDP__ERROR
+    DESC = UDP_ legacy logs - error level
+    GROUP = UDP_:ERROR:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_UDP__WARNING
+    DESC = UDP_ legacy logs - warning level
+    GROUP = UDP_:WARNING:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_UDP__DEBUG
+    DESC = UDP_ legacy logs - debug level
+    GROUP = UDP_:DEBUG:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_UDP__TRACE
+    DESC = UDP_ legacy logs - trace level
+    GROUP = UDP_:TRACE:LEGACY
+
+ID = LEGACY_NAS_INFO
+    DESC = NAS legacy logs - info level
+    GROUP = NAS:INFO:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_NAS_ERROR
+    DESC = NAS legacy logs - error level
+    GROUP = NAS:ERROR:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_NAS_WARNING
+    DESC = NAS legacy logs - warning level
+    GROUP = NAS:WARNING:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_NAS_DEBUG
+    DESC = NAS legacy logs - debug level
+    GROUP = NAS:DEBUG:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_NAS_TRACE
+    DESC = NAS legacy logs - trace level
+    GROUP = NAS:TRACE:LEGACY
+
+ID = LEGACY_HW_INFO
+    DESC = HW legacy logs - info level
+    GROUP = HW:INFO:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_HW_ERROR
+    DESC = HW legacy logs - error level
+    GROUP = HW:ERROR:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_HW_WARNING
+    DESC = HW legacy logs - warning level
+    GROUP = HW:WARNING:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_HW_DEBUG
+    DESC = HW legacy logs - debug level
+    GROUP = HW:DEBUG:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_HW_TRACE
+    DESC = HW legacy logs - trace level
+    GROUP = HW:TRACE:LEGACY
+
+ID = LEGACY_EMU_INFO
+    DESC = EMU legacy logs - info level
+    GROUP = EMU:INFO:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_EMU_ERROR
+    DESC = EMU legacy logs - error level
+    GROUP = EMU:ERROR:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_EMU_WARNING
+    DESC = EMU legacy logs - warning level
+    GROUP = EMU:WARNING:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_EMU_DEBUG
+    DESC = EMU legacy logs - debug level
+    GROUP = EMU:DEBUG:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_EMU_TRACE
+    DESC = EMU legacy logs - trace level
+    GROUP = EMU:TRACE:LEGACY
+
+ID = LEGACY_OTG_INFO
+    DESC = OTG legacy logs - info level
+    GROUP = OTG:INFO:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OTG_ERROR
+    DESC = OTG legacy logs - error level
+    GROUP = OTG:ERROR:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OTG_WARNING
+    DESC = OTG legacy logs - warning level
+    GROUP = OTG:WARNING:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OTG_DEBUG
+    DESC = OTG legacy logs - debug level
+    GROUP = OTG:DEBUG:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OTG_TRACE
+    DESC = OTG legacy logs - trace level
+    GROUP = OTG:TRACE:LEGACY
+
+ID = LEGACY_OCG_INFO
+    DESC = OCG legacy logs - info level
+    GROUP = OCG:INFO:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OCG_ERROR
+    DESC = OCG legacy logs - error level
+    GROUP = OCG:ERROR:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OCG_WARNING
+    DESC = OCG legacy logs - warning level
+    GROUP = OCG:WARNING:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OCG_DEBUG
+    DESC = OCG legacy logs - debug level
+    GROUP = OCG:DEBUG:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OCG_TRACE
+    DESC = OCG legacy logs - trace level
+    GROUP = OCG:TRACE:LEGACY
+
+ID = LEGACY_OCM_INFO
+    DESC = OCM legacy logs - info level
+    GROUP = OCM:INFO:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OCM_ERROR
+    DESC = OCM legacy logs - error level
+    GROUP = OCM:ERROR:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OCM_WARNING
+    DESC = OCM legacy logs - warning level
+    GROUP = OCM:WARNING:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OCM_DEBUG
+    DESC = OCM legacy logs - debug level
+    GROUP = OCM:DEBUG:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OCM_TRACE
+    DESC = OCM legacy logs - trace level
+    GROUP = OCM:TRACE:LEGACY
+
+ID = LEGACY_OIP_INFO
+    DESC = OIP legacy logs - info level
+    GROUP = OIP:INFO:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OIP_ERROR
+    DESC = OIP legacy logs - error level
+    GROUP = OIP:ERROR:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OIP_WARNING
+    DESC = OIP legacy logs - warning level
+    GROUP = OIP:WARNING:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OIP_DEBUG
+    DESC = OIP legacy logs - debug level
+    GROUP = OIP:DEBUG:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OIP_TRACE
+    DESC = OIP legacy logs - trace level
+    GROUP = OIP:TRACE:LEGACY
+
+ID = LEGACY_OMG_INFO
+    DESC = OMG legacy logs - info level
+    GROUP = OMG:INFO:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OMG_ERROR
+    DESC = OMG legacy logs - error level
+    GROUP = OMG:ERROR:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OMG_WARNING
+    DESC = OMG legacy logs - warning level
+    GROUP = OMG:WARNING:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OMG_DEBUG
+    DESC = OMG legacy logs - debug level
+    GROUP = OMG:DEBUG:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OMG_TRACE
+    DESC = OMG legacy logs - trace level
+    GROUP = OMG:TRACE:LEGACY
+
+ID = LEGACY_OPT_INFO
+    DESC = OPT legacy logs - info level
+    GROUP = OPT:INFO:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OPT_ERROR
+    DESC = OPT legacy logs - error level
+    GROUP = OPT:ERROR:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OPT_WARNING
+    DESC = OPT legacy logs - warning level
+    GROUP = OPT:WARNING:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OPT_DEBUG
+    DESC = OPT legacy logs - debug level
+    GROUP = OPT:DEBUG:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OPT_TRACE
+    DESC = OPT legacy logs - trace level
+    GROUP = OPT:TRACE:LEGACY
+
+ID = LEGACY_GTPU_INFO
+    DESC = GTPU legacy logs - info level
+    GROUP = GTPU:INFO:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_GTPU_ERROR
+    DESC = GTPU legacy logs - error level
+    GROUP = GTPU:ERROR:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_GTPU_WARNING
+    DESC = GTPU legacy logs - warning level
+    GROUP = GTPU:WARNING:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_GTPU_DEBUG
+    DESC = GTPU legacy logs - debug level
+    GROUP = GTPU:DEBUG:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_GTPU_TRACE
+    DESC = GTPU legacy logs - trace level
+    GROUP = GTPU:TRACE:LEGACY
+
+ID = LEGACY_TMR_INFO
+    DESC = TMR legacy logs - info level
+    GROUP = TMR:INFO:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_TMR_ERROR
+    DESC = TMR legacy logs - error level
+    GROUP = TMR:ERROR:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_TMR_WARNING
+    DESC = TMR legacy logs - warning level
+    GROUP = TMR:WARNING:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_TMR_DEBUG
+    DESC = TMR legacy logs - debug level
+    GROUP = TMR:DEBUG:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_TMR_TRACE
+    DESC = TMR legacy logs - trace level
+    GROUP = TMR:TRACE:LEGACY
+
+ID = LEGACY_OSA_INFO
+    DESC = OSA legacy logs - info level
+    GROUP = OSA:INFO:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OSA_ERROR
+    DESC = OSA legacy logs - error level
+    GROUP = OSA:ERROR:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OSA_WARNING
+    DESC = OSA legacy logs - warning level
+    GROUP = OSA:WARNING:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OSA_DEBUG
+    DESC = OSA legacy logs - debug level
+    GROUP = OSA:DEBUG:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_OSA_TRACE
+    DESC = OSA legacy logs - trace level
+    GROUP = OSA:TRACE:LEGACY
+
+# this is a bad hack but I won't fix (function util_print_hex_octets
+# in openairinterface5g/openair2/LAYER2/PDCP_v10.1.0/pdcp_util.c
+# does funky things with the LOG_x macros but we work on the C pre-processor
+# level and this funkyness is not easily dealable with, so be it...)
+ID = LEGACY_component_INFO
+    DESC = component legacy logs - info level
+    GROUP = component:INFO:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_component_ERROR
+    DESC = component legacy logs - error level
+    GROUP = component:ERROR:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_component_WARNING
+    DESC = component legacy logs - warning level
+    GROUP = component:WARNING:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_component_DEBUG
+    DESC = component legacy logs - debug level
+    GROUP = component:DEBUG:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_component_TRACE
+    DESC = component legacy logs - trace level
+    GROUP = component:TRACE:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_componentP_INFO
+    DESC = componentP legacy logs - info level
+    GROUP = componentP:INFO:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_componentP_ERROR
+    DESC = componentP legacy logs - error level
+    GROUP = componentP:ERROR:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_componentP_WARNING
+    DESC = componentP legacy logs - warning level
+    GROUP = componentP:WARNING:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_componentP_DEBUG
+    DESC = componentP legacy logs - debug level
+    GROUP = componentP:DEBUG:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_componentP_TRACE
+    DESC = componentP legacy logs - trace level
+    GROUP = componentP:TRACE:LEGACY
+
+#needed?
+ID = LEGACY_CLI_INFO
+    DESC = CLI legacy logs - info level
+    GROUP = CLI:INFO:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_CLI_ERROR
+    DESC = CLI legacy logs - error level
+    GROUP = CLI:ERROR:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_CLI_WARNING
+    DESC = CLI legacy logs - warning level
+    GROUP = CLI:WARNING:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_CLI_DEBUG
+    DESC = CLI legacy logs - debug level
+    GROUP = CLI:DEBUG:LEGACY
+ID = LEGACY_CLI_TRACE
+    DESC = CLI legacy logs - trace level
+    GROUP = CLI:TRACE:LEGACY
+
+#for debug/test - not used
+ID = first
+ID = buf_test

common/utils/T/tracer/Makefile

+CC=gcc
+CFLAGS=-Wall -g -pthread -DT_TRACER
+
+#CFLAGS += -O3 -ffast-math -fomit-frame-pointer
+
+LIBS=-lX11 -lm
+
+#comment those two lines to NOT use shared memory
+CFLAGS += -DT_USE_SHARED_MEMORY
+LIBS += -lrt
+
+PROG=tracer
+OBJS=main.o plot.o database.o forward.o gui/gui.a
+
+$(PROG): $(OBJS)
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $(PROG) $(OBJS) $(LIBS)
+
+gui/gui.a:
+	cd gui && make
+
+%.o: %.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
+
+main.o: ../T_IDs.h ../T_defs.h
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.o $(PROG) core
+	cd gui && make clean

common/utils/T/tracer/database.c

+#include "defs.h"
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+typedef struct {
+  char *name;
+  char *desc;
+  char **groups;
+  int size;
+  int id;
+} id;
+
+typedef struct {
+  char *name;
+  char **ids;
+  int size;
+} group;
+
+typedef struct {
+  char *name;
+  id *i;
+  int isize;
+  group *g;
+  int gsize;
+} database;
+
+typedef struct {
+  char *data;
+  int size;
+  int maxsize;
+} buffer;
+
+typedef struct {
+  buffer name;
+  buffer value;
+} parser;
+
+void put(buffer *b, int c)
+{
+  if (b->size == b->maxsize) {
+    b->maxsize += 256;
+    b->data = realloc(b->data, b->maxsize);
+    if (b->data == NULL) { printf("memory allocation error\n"); exit(1); }
+  }
+  b->data[b->size] = c;
+  b->size++;
+}
+
+void smash_spaces(FILE *f)
+{
+  int c;
+  while (1) {
+    c = fgetc(f);
+    if (isspace(c)) continue;
+    if (c == ' ') continue;
+    if (c == '\t') continue;
+    if (c == '\n') continue;
+    if (c == 10 || c == 13) continue;
+    if (c == '#') {
+      while (1) {
+        c = fgetc(f);
+        if (c == '\n' || c == EOF) break;
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  if (c != EOF) ungetc(c, f);
+}
+
+void get_line(parser *p, FILE *f, char **name, char **value)
+{
+  int c;
+  p->name.size = 0;
+  p->value.size = 0;
+  *name = NULL;
+  *value = NULL;
+  smash_spaces(f);
+  c = fgetc(f);
+  while (!(c == '=' || isspace(c) || c == EOF))
+    { put(&p->name, c); c = fgetc(f); }
+  if (c == EOF) return;
+  put(&p->name, 0);
+  while (!(c == EOF || c == '=')) c = fgetc(f);
+  if (c == EOF) return;
+  smash_spaces(f);
+  c = fgetc(f);
+  while (!(c == 10 || c == 13 || c == EOF))
+    { put(&p->value, c); c = fgetc(f); }
+  put(&p->value, 0);
+  if (p->name.size <= 1) return;
+  if (p->value.size <= 1) return;
+  *name = p->name.data;
+  *value = p->value.data;
+}
+
+int group_cmp(const void *_p1, const void *_p2)
+{
+  const group *p1 = _p1;
+  const group *p2 = _p2;
+  return strcmp(p1->name, p2->name);
+}
+
+int id_cmp(const void *_p1, const void *_p2)
+{
+  const id *p1 = _p1;
+  const id *p2 = _p2;
+  return strcmp(p1->name, p2->name);
+}
+
+int string_cmp(const void *_p1, const void *_p2)
+{
+  char * const *p1 = _p1;
+  char * const *p2 = _p2;
+  return strcmp(*p1, *p2);
+}
+
+id *add_id(database *r, char *idname, int i)
+{
+  if (bsearch(&(id){name:idname}, r->i, r->isize, sizeof(id), id_cmp) != NULL)
+    { printf("ERROR: ID '%s' declared more than once\n", idname); exit(1); }
+  if ((r->isize & 1023) == 0) {
+    r->i = realloc(r->i, (r->isize + 1024) * sizeof(id));
+    if (r->i == NULL) { printf("out of memory\n"); exit(1); }
+  }
+  r->i[r->isize].name = strdup(idname);
+  if (r->i[r->isize].name == NULL) { printf("out of memory\n"); exit(1); }
+  r->i[r->isize].desc = NULL;
+  r->i[r->isize].groups = NULL;
+  r->i[r->isize].size = 0;
+  r->i[r->isize].id = i;
+  r->isize++;
+  qsort(r->i, r->isize, sizeof(id), id_cmp);
+  return (id*)bsearch(&(id){name:idname}, r->i, r->isize, sizeof(id), id_cmp);
+}
+
+group *get_group(database *r, char *group_name)