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# How to Connect OAI eNB (USRP B210) with COTS UE
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**The instructions in this tutorial are valid only for newer release of openair-cn. Checkout latest develop/master branch for openair-cn to use this tutorial**
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In this tutorial, we will introduce how to connect USRP-B210-based OAI eNB (and OAI EPC) with commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) UE such as smartphones and LTE dongles. We focus on installation and configuration with minimal modifications to sample config files and source codes from OAI. The goal is to help new starters set up the OAI environment as easily and quickly as possible.
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The entire procedure is divided into three stages:
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1. Install and configure OAI eNB, EPC and HSS on a single or different hosts. At the end of this stage, EPC should be able to connect to HSS and eNB can connect to EPC + HSS.
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1. Configure UE (e.g., smartphone service mode, USIM card) and register the user on HSS database. At the end of this stage, UE should be able to attach and connect to eNB.
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1. Configure networking settings between eNB and UE. At the end of this stage, they should be able to ping each other and `iperf` can be run to test the throughput.
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## 1. Installation and Configuration of OAI eNB + EPC + HSS
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Checklist prior to OAI installation:
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* Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (32-bit or 64-bit)
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* [Kernel setup](OpenAirKernelMainSetup)
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* disable C-states from BIOS (or from GRUB)
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* disable CPU freq. scaling
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* install low-latency kernel
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* Install _git_ with the command `sudo apt-get install git` (we will be downloading source codes from the trunk at this moment).
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__Note__: If GNURadio has already been installed, check the version of UHD. In most cases,
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GNURadio downloaded from Ubuntu repositoy is likely to be 3.7.2, which is outdated and does
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not contain the latest UHD. The OAI build script will try to download UHD 003.008.XXX during
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automated installation and compilation may fail due to the conflict or missing libraries. So
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the simplest way is to uninstall GNURadio and outdated UHD libraries. Please do not install UHD from sources as different versions can cause problems with the code. The recommended way to install UHD is through OAI scripts only ($OPENAIR_DIR/cmake_targets/build_oai -I -w USRP)
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### 1.1 Installation
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#### Step 1: Check out the Trunk
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First, we will download source codes from the link below as an example. See [GetSources](GetSources).
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We assume that you have following directories:
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* openair-cn : The location of openair-cn git repository
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* openairinterface5g: The location of openairinterface5g repository.
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#### Step 2: Specify FQDN for EPC
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Second, a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) needs to be set for the EPC (MME_GW) [\[1\]][1], before we use
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the automated script to build eNB, EPC and HSS all at once. An example is as follows. Assume the
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hostname is "nano". You may check it in `/etc/hostname`.
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```shell
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nano@nano:$ cat /etc/hostname
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nano
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```
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Then fill the FQDN in /etc/hosts as follows:
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```shell
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labuser@labuser:$ cat /etc/hosts
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127.0.0.1 localhost
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127.0.1.1 nano.openair4G.eur nano
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127.0.1.1 hss.openair4G.eur hss
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```
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"nano.openair4G.eur" is a sample FQDN, where "nano" is your hostname, and "openair4G.eur" is your realm. You can replace "openair4G.eur" with other combination.
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#### Step 3: Run Automated Build Script (openairinterface5g)
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Next, we will use the automated build script `~/trunk/cmake_targets/build_oai` to build OAI eNB, EPC (i.e., MME_GW) and HSS on a single/local host.
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```shell
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cd ~/openairinterface
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source oaienv
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cd cmake_targets
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./build_oai -I -g --eNB -x --install-system-files -w USRP --install-optional-packages #for USRP
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./build_oai -I -g --eNB -x --install-system-files -w EXMIMO --install-optional-packages #for EXMIMO
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./build_oai -I -g --eNB -x --install-system-files -w BLADERF --install-optional-packages #for BladeRF
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```
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You can print out the help message to see what these options mean using the command "./build_oai -h". A short summary is as follows.
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* -I: installs required packages.
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* -g: adds debugging symbols to compilation directives.
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* --eNB: installs eNB, i.e., lte-softmodem.
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* -x: adds a software oscilloscope feature to the produced binaries.
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* --install-system-files: installs OAI required files in Linux system.
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* -w: adds the hardware support, which is USRP in our case.
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* --install-optional-packages: Installs optional packages
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During the building process, you will be asked to set the password for MySQL "root" user. You are recommended to use "linux", since this is the default password used by OAI; otherwise, you will have to edit some configuration file so that HSS is able to access MySQL database.
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__Notes:__
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* If you have previously build OAI on your host, please use -c or -C to remove existing compiled files.
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* If you want to host eNB, EPC and HSS separately, the same process applies but configurations are different as will be mentioned later.
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Look at [AutoBuild](AutoBuild) for more details.
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#### Step 4: Run Automated script for openair-cn
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```shell
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cd openair-cn/SCRIPTS
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./build_mme -i #(Need to run only once to install missing packages)
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./build_hss -i #(Need to run only once to install missing packages)
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./build_spgw -i #(Need to run only once to install missing packages)
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```
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The detailed instructions for EPC are located in: **YOUR_openair-cn_DIRECTORY/DOCS/EPC_User_Guide.pdf**
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Look at [AutoBuild](AutoBuild) for more details.
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### 1.2 Configuration
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#### 1.2.2 eNB and EPC+HSS on Different Hosts
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Next, we explain the setup for running eNB and EPC+HSS on two different hosts. Assume the IP addresses of eNB and EPC+HSS are 192.168.12.82 and 192.168.12.62 respectively. We also assume that the interface with which they are connected together is ethernet (eth0).
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##### 1.2.2.1 Configure eNB machine (update config files)
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Then, make sure the networking parameters are properly specified in eNB and EPC configuration files. In eNB configuration file (`~/openairinterface5g/targets/PROJECT/GENERIC-LTE-EPC/CONF/enb.band7.tm1.usrpb210.conf`),
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```
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tracking_area_code = "1";
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mobile_country_code = "208";
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mobile_network_code = "92";
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////////// MME parameters:
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mme_ip_address = ( { ipv4 = "192.168.12.62";
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ipv6 = "192:168:30::17";
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active = "yes";
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preference = "ipv4";
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}
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);
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NETWORK_INTERFACES :
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{
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ENB_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_S1_MME = "eth0";
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ENB_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S1_MME = "192.168.12.82/24";
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ENB_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_S1U = "eth0";
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ENB_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S1U = "192.168.12.82/24";
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ENB_PORT_FOR_S1U = 2152; # Spec 2152
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};
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```
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where mme_ip_address is network interface's IP address of your EPC/HSS, and NETWORK_INTERFACE is your eNB related network interface information.
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##### 1.2.2.2 Configure EPC machine (update config files)
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Copy the EPC config files in /usr/local/etc/oai
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```
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sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/oai/freeDiameter
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sudo cp ~/openair-cn/ETC/mme.conf /usr/local/etc/oai
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sudo cp ~/openair-cn/ETC/hss.conf /usr/local/etc/oai
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sudo cp ~/openair-cn/ETC/spgw.conf /usr/local/etc/oai
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sudo cp ~/openair-cn/ETC/acl.conf /usr/local/etc/oai/freeDiameter
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sudo cp ~/openair-cn/ETC/mme_fd.conf /usr/local/etc/oai/freeDiameter
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sudo cp ~/openair-cn/ETC/hss_fd.conf /usr/local/etc/oai/freeDiameter
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```
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In MME configuration file (`/usr/local/etc/oai/mme.conf`):
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```
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GUMMEI_LIST = (
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{MCC="208" ; MNC="92"; MME_GID="4" ; MME_CODE="1"; } # YOUR GUMMEI CONFIG HERE
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);
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TAI_LIST = (
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{MCC="208" ; MNC="92"; TAC = "1"; } # YOUR PLMN CONFIG HERE
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);
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NETWORK_INTERFACES :
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{
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# MME binded interface for S1-C or S1-MME communication (S1AP), can be ethernet interface, virtual ethernet interface, we don't advise wireless interfaces
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MME_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_S1_MME = "eth0"; # YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE
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MME_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S1_MME = "192.168.12.62/24"; # YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE
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# MME binded interface for S11 communication (GTPV2-C)
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MME_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_S11_MME = "lo"; # YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE
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MME_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S11_MME = "127.0.11.1/8"; # YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE
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MME_PORT_FOR_S11_MME = 2123; # YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE
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};
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S-GW :
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{
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# S-GW binded interface for S11 communication (GTPV2-C), if none selected the ITTI message interface is used
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SGW_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S11 = "127.0.11.2/8"; # YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE
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};
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```
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In SPGW configuration file (`/usr/local/etc/oai/spgw.conf`):
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```
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S-GW :
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{
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NETWORK_INTERFACES :
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{
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# S-GW binded interface for S11 communication (GTPV2-C), if none select$
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SGW_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_S11 = "lo"; $
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SGW_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S11 = "127.0.11.2/8"; $
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# S-GW binded interface for S1-U communication (GTPV1-U) can be etherne$
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SGW_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_S1U_S12_S4_UP = "eth0"; $
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SGW_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S1U_S12_S4_UP = "192.168.12.62/24"; $
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SGW_IPV4_PORT_FOR_S1U_S12_S4_UP = 2152; $
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# S-GW binded interface for S5 or S8 communication, not implemented, so$
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SGW_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_S5_S8_UP = "none"; $
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SGW_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S5_S8_UP = "0.0.0.0/24"; $
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};
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```
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In HSS configuration file (`/usr/local/etc/oai/hss.conf`):
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```
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MYSQL_user = "root";
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MYSQL_pass = "linux"; #Put here the root password of mysql database that was provided during installation
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```
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Note that PGW_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_SGI is the address used by EPC to access the (external) Internet.
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__Acknowledge__: this example was provided by Yeoh Chun-Yeow in one previous email.
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#### 1.3.1 Running eNB, EPC and HSS (Assuming eNB, EPC, HSS are on same machine)
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##### Compile & Run EPC:
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```shell
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cd ~/openair-cn
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cd SCRIPTS
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./build_epc -c -l
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./run_epc -i -r
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```
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##### Compile & Run HSS:
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```shell
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cd ~/openair-cn
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cd SCRIPTS
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./build_hss -c -l
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./run_hss
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```
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After EPC is connected to HSS (you should see both enter STATE_OPEN from the terminal), compile and start eNB with the following commands below:
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##### Compile & Run eNB:
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```shell
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cd ~/openairinterface5g
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source oaienv
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./cmake_targets/build_oai -w USRP -x -c --eNB
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cd cmake_targets/lte_build_oai/build
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sudo ifconfig eth0:3 192.170.0.2 up
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sudo ifconfig eth0:4 192.170.1.2 up
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sudo -E ./lte-softmodem -O $OPENAIR_DIR/targets/PROJECT/GENERIC-LTE-EPC/CONF/enb.band7.tm1.usrpb210.conf -d
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sudo -E ./lte-softmodem -h #(to see help options)
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```
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You may print out the help message to see other options. A summary of the above options is given below.
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* -O: configuration file
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* -m: set the maximum downluink MCS
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* -t: set the maximum uplink MCS
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* -x: set the transmission mode, valid option: 1
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* -W: enable L2 Wireshark messages on localhost
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__Note__: some other options are very useful for debugging purposes, such as `-V`, which enables VCD and generates a log file (/tnp/openair_dump_eNB.vcd) with a lot of details, and `-d`, which enables software oscilloscope with interactive graphic interfaces. Since both consume a lot of computing resources (one is heavy on file access, the other one is heavy on graphics), you are recommended to disable them for normal use.
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If the first run is not successful and you are recommended to lower RX gain by some value, change rx_gain to a lower value in eNB configuration file. When eNB is successfully connected, you should see something like the following on eNB terminal:
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```
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...
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[SCHED][eNB] Started eNB main thread on CPU 1 TID 5273
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eNB_thread: mlockall in ...
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eNB_thread: mlockall out ...
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waiting for sync (eNB_thread)
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TYPE <CTRL-C> TO TERMINATE
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Entering ITTI signals handler
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```
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#### 1.3.2 Running eNB, EPC and HSS (Assuming eNB, {EPC, HSS} are on different machines)
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##### Compile & Run EPC:
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```shell
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cd ~/openair-cn
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cd SCRIPTS
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./build_epc -c -l
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./run_epc -r
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```
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##### Compile & Run HSS:
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```shell
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cd ~/openair-cn
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cd SCRIPTS
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./build_hss -c -l
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./run_hss
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```
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After EPC is connected to HSS (you should see both enter STATE_OPEN from the terminal), compile and start eNB with the following commands below:
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##### Compile & Run eNB:
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```shell
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cd ~/openairinterface5g
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source oaienv
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./cmake_targets/build_oai -w USRP -x -c --eNB
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cd cmake_targets/lte_build_oai/build
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sudo -E ./lte-softmodem -O $OPENAIR_DIR/targets/PROJECT/GENERIC-LTE-EPC/CONF/enb.band7.tm1.usrpb210.conf -d
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```
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### 1.4 Possible Issues
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#### Issue 1: EPC Fails to Connect to HSS (1)
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If you miss Step 2 in Section 1.1, your EPC may fail to connect to HSS. Check the following configurations. Assume your hostname is "labuser" (/etc/hostname) and your FQDN is "labuser.111.111" in /etc/hosts (see tutorial for this part). Then in EPC configuration file,
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```
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REALM = "111.111"
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HSS_HOSTNAME = "labuser"
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```
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In /usr/etc/freeDiameter/hss_fd.conf:
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```
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Identity="labuser.111.111"
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Realm="111.111"
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ConnectPeer = "labuser.111.111" {ConnectTo = "127.0.1.1"; Realm="111.111"; No_IPv6; No_TLS; port = 3870;}
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```
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In /usr/etc/freeDiameter/mme_fd.conf:
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```
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Identity="labuser.111.111"
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Realm="111.111"
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```
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If this is the issue, the easiest way is to specify FQDN and rebuild EPC using the "build_oai" script in `~/openairinterface5g/cmake_targets` with the -C or -c option (which removes all previously compilations):
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```shell
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./build_oai -c --eNB -w USRP
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```
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#### Issue 2: EPC Fails to Connect to HSS (2)
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Another possible cause is that mobile country code (MCC), mobile network code (MNC)
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and tracking area code (TAC) are not matched in configuration files for eNB and EPC.
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You need to make sure they match if you want to use your own.
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## 2. UE Configuration and User Registration on HSS Database
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Now eNB, EPC and HSS are working properly, and we may move to the next stage. Assume
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that the UE or USIM card has the following information ([Link](SIMInfo)):
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* MCC (Mobile Country Code): 208
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* MNC (Mobile Network Code): 93
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* TAC (Tracking Area Code): 123
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* IMSI: 208930000000001
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* Ki: 8BAF473F2F8FD09487CCCBD7097C6862 (32 digits)
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* OP (Operator Key): 11111111111111111111111111111111 (32 digits)
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You may other combinations as you like.
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### 2.1 USIM Card Programming
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TBD (description USIM programming device + procedure + pics)
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### 2.2 UE Configuration
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TBD (pics + description)
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#### 2.2.1 Smartphone: Samsung S3
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#### 2.2.2 Smartphone: Samsung S4 mini
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You have to create a new APN profile in your smartphone according the one that
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you will assign to the UE in the HSS database. So you have to go
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__Settings->Mobile network settings->Access Point Names-> Add a new apn__.
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Give a **name** to this apn profile (e.g. `eur`). At the **APN field** write
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the name that exists on the HSS database (e.g. `oai.ipv4`). At the **Bearer** field check the option `LTE`.
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Save the apn profile and then select it.
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#### 2.2.3 LTE Dongle: Bandrich LTE Dongle C501
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#### 2.2.4 LTE Dongle: Huawei E3372
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For this LTE Dongle you don't have to give at commands in order to configure it but you can do it from the graphical interface that it is on the url 192.168.8.1. You have to go to Profile Management and add a new APN profile (see the picture below)
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![huawei_apn.png](HowToConnectCOTSUEwithOAIeNB/huawei_apn.png)
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### 2.3 User Registration on HSS Database
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In order for UE to complete the attach procedure successfully, we need to register the user on HSS database.
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#### Step 1: Install Phpmyadmin (Optional)
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In this case, phpmyadmin may come handy to you. Alternatively, you may access MySQL
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|
database from the command line. The instructions are available [here](https://help.ubuntu.com/community/phpMyAdmin).
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|
In most cases, the following commands will work for you.
|
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|
|
```shell
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sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin
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sudo ln -s /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf /etc/apache2/conf-available/phpmyadmin.conf
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sudo a2enconf phpmyadmin
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sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 reload
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|
|
```
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Then you can access the HSS database via http://127.0.0.1/phpmyadmin/ with username "**hssadmin**" and password "**admin**".
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|
#### Step 2: Add User to Table oai_db.users
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|
|
You may check out existing users in the database via phpmyadmin. However, you may not
|
|
|
be able to insert a user record on phpmyadmin, because the Key (as well as OPc) is stored
|
|
|
as binary in the database. Use the following commands as a guide.
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
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|
|
shell > mysql -u root -p
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|
|
# The password is "linux"
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|
|
mysql > use oai_db;
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|
mysql > INSERT INTO users (`imsi`, `msisdn`, `imei`, `imei_sv`, `ms_ps_status`, `rau_tau_timer`,
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|
-> `ue_ambr_ul`, `ue_ambr_dl`, `access_restriction`, `mme_cap`, `mmeidentity_idmmeidentity`,
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|
|
-> `key`, `RFSP-Index`, `urrp_mme`, `sqn`, `rand`, `OPc`)
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|
|
-> VALUES ('208930000000001', '33638060010', NULL, NULL, 'PURGED', '120', '50000000', '100000000',
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|
-> '47', '0000000000', '3', 0x8BAF473F2F8FD09487CCCBD7097C6862, '1', '0', '',
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|
|
-> 0x00000000000000000000000000000000, '');
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
There are a couple of things to note:
|
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|
|
|
|
* msisdn: even though it is optional, you may not leave it blank since OAI will check its presence (any value would be fine).
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|
* OPc: OPc is computed from OP and Key. You may leave it NULL, since HSS will compute it for you; or you
|
|
|
may use the online tools listed [here](SIMInfo) to compute the value.
|
|
|
* **mmeidentity_idmmeidentity**: the value is 3 here; it has to match the one in Table oai_db.mmeidentity.
|
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|
|
|
|
#### Step 3: Update Tables oai_db.mmeidentity and oai_db.pdn
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can directly insert a record to oai_db.mmeidentity via phpmyadmin. In this case,
|
|
|
"idmmeidentity" is 3, "mmehost" is "labuser.111.111" and "mmerealm" is "111.111".
|
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|
|
|
|
Also, you need to insert a record to oai_db.pdn for the user via phpmyadmin.
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 2.4 Connect UE to eNB
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 2.5 Possible Issues
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Issue 1: MNC Not Found (mcc_mnc_list)
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you choose a good combination of MCC and MNC that is not currently in the mcc_mnc_list,
|
|
|
you may see some error like the following on the EPC terminal:
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
Assertion (0) failed!
|
|
|
In mme_app_handle_nas_auth_param_req() /home/labuser/trunk/openair-cn/MME_APP/mme_app_authentication.c:291
|
|
|
MNC Not found (mcc_mnc_list)
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
So the solution is to add your own combination to the mcc_mnc_list located in `~/trunk/openair-cn/UTILS/mcc_mnc_itu.c`.
|
|
|
Then you can rebuild EPC with the following command.
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
~/openair-cn/SCRIPTS/build_epc #(Run this command with options as discussed in sections above)
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Issue 2: iptables: No chain/target/match by that name.
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
iptables: No chain/target/match by that name.
|
|
|
[SPGW-APP][E]ERROR in system command iptables -t mangle -A FORWARD -d 192.168.3.2 -m mark --mark 0
|
|
|
-j GTPUSP --own-ip 127.0.0.1 --own-tun 1 --peer-ip 127.0.0.1 --peer-tun 3396329693 --action add: 256
|
|
|
at /home/labuser/trunk/openair-cn/SGW-LITE/sgw_lite_handlers.c:897
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you see an error like this, insert `~/trunk/targets/bin/xt_GTPUSP.ko`:
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
sudo insmod ~/trunk/targets/bin/xt_GTPUSP.ko
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 3. Networking Configuration for UE and eNB
|
|
|
|
|
|
## References:
|
|
|
|
|
|
\[1\] https://gitlab.eurecom.fr/oai/openair-cn/blob/master/DOCS/EPC_User_Guide.pdf
|
|
|
[1]: https://gitlab.eurecom.fr/oai/openair-cn/blob/master/DOCS/EPC_User_Guide.pdf
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Attachments
|
|
|
|
|
|
* [enb.band7.tm1.usrpb210.conf (Example config file when eNB/EPC are on same machine. Use the latest file ($OPENAIR_DIR/targets/PROJECTS/GENERIC-LTE-EPC/CONF/enb.band7.tm1.usrpb210.conf) and modify the networking configuration only without touching RF related parameters](HowToConnectCOTSUEwithOAIeNB/enb.band7.tm1.usrpb210.epc.local.conf)
|
|
|
* [eNB_EPC_different_hosts.png](HowToConnectCOTSUEwithOAIeNB/eNB_EPC_different_hosts.png)
|
|
|
* [eNB_EPCHSS_local_host.png](HowToConnectCOTSUEwithOAIeNB/eNB_EPCHSS_local_host.png)
|
|
|
* [epc_commented.png](HowToConnectCOTSUEwithOAIeNB/epc_commented.png)
|
|
|
* [epc.conf.in](HowToConnectCOTSUEwithOAIeNB/epc.conf.in)
|
|
|
* [epc.png](HowToConnectCOTSUEwithOAIeNB/epc.png)
|
|
|
* [figure_local_eNB_EPC.png](HowToConnectCOTSUEwithOAIeNB/figure_local_eNB_EPC.png)
|
|
|
* [huawei_apn.png](HowToConnectCOTSUEwithOAIeNB/huawei_apn.png)
|
|
|
|
|
|
-- @Xuhang.Ying, @Virgilios.Passas - 25 Jul 2015 |